Introduction of pertussis surveillance system and evaluation of its operational effect in Tianjin / 中国当代儿科杂志

The pertussis surveillance system has been established since 2009 in Tianjin, and continuously improved over the past 10 years. This system determines the definition and classification of pertussis, establishes simple and feasible sampling methods and laboratory detection methods in clinical practice, standardizes the report management of pertussis cases and the treatment of epidemic situations. After the implementation of the surveillance system, the number of reported pertussis cases increased from 26 in 2009 to 802 in 2017, the number of diagnosed cases increased from 19 in 2009 to 662 in 2017, the reported incidence rate of pertussis increased from 0.16/100 000 in 2009 to 4.28/100 000 in 2017, and the number of medical institutions of reporting perutssis cases increased from 2 in 2009 to 53 in 2017. The specimen collection rate of the reported cases reached up to 93.66%. These results show that the sensitivity of pertussis surveillance has been improved and show that the data from the surveillance system may reflect more precisely the epidemical characteristics of perutssis in Tianjin.

Effects of occupation on health of traffic policemen in a city / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the health and work status of traffic policemen in a city, and analyze the effect of the occupation on health of them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The prevalent investigation was used to investigate the health status of on-the-job traffic policemen and the effect of the occupation on the health of traffic policemen was studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 4486 traffic policemen, 1604 working outside. The average time of working outside was (12.0 +/- 7.9) years and the average time of standing was (7.0 +/- 1.7) hours/day. The incidence of naso-pharyngitis, arthropathy, photosensitive dermatitis, heat stroke and chilblain, noise-induced deafness in the outside-traffic policemen were higher than that of the policemen working indoors. Eye diseases were higher in those who worked outside for 20-25 years. The varicosis of the lower extremity was higher in those who stood outside over 4 hours every day. The average period of onset of disease was 7-8 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occupational stress of outside-traffic policemen was bigger in the city. The environmental pollution and the bad condition are the risky factors of 8 kinds of diseases among traffic policemen. The average period of onset of the disease is 7-8 years.</p>

Evaluation on the role of hepatitis A vaccine in the prevention and control of hepatitis A in Tianjin city / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of prevention and control strategies on hepatitis A.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surveillance data on hepatitis A from 1990 to 2006 in Tianjin was analyzed, and the coverage rate of hepatitis A vaccine among targeted population was estimated, to compare the anti-HAV IgG level of children younger than 15 years old in 1999 and in 2005.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that a) the morbidity of hepatitis A decreased from 25.26/10(5) in 1990 to 0.82/10(5) in 2006; b) the ratio of hepatitis A in viral hepatitis decreased from 30.43% in 1990 to 1.05% in 2006; c) the estimated coverage rate was 72.7%; d) the positive rate of anti-HAV among children younger than 15 years old in 2005 was distinctly higher than that in 1999.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Positive results showed that it was successful to use hepatitis A vaccine as the strategy to prevent and control hepatitis A in the past five years in Tianjin.</p>

Epidemiological investigation of host and focus of natural infection on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in migration areas of the Yangtze River Three-Gorge Reservoir Chongqing region / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To ascertain the natural infection rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) among its hosts and the type of the natural foci for providing some baseline data for the immigrant health and epidemic prevention of the Three-Gorge region. Methods　Epidemiological survey on the field was performed including epidemiological data collection, ecology of rodents and pathogen detection. HFRS virus antigen of hosts were detected by the direct immunofluorescent assay (DIFA) technique and determination of HFRSV-RNA by ISH were carried out from HFRSV-Ag-positive animals. Results　HFRSV-Ag-positive animals were found in 5 migration areas ie Baitao Town of Fuling Section, Wansheng Village of Fengjie County and Dachang Town of Wushan County. The positive hosts were as follows, Rattus Norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, Anourusurex squamipes, Mus musculus and Rattus flavipectus. The positive rate of HFRSV in the mice of 5 migration areas were 19.4%, 17.0%, 14.0%, 13.7%, and 8.5% respectively. The results showed that the lung tissues of some hosts in all five migration areas were HFRSV-RNA-positive. Baitao Town and Peishi Town were attributed to mixture type epidemic areas while. Kangle Town, Wansheng Village and Dachang Town were domestic rats type epidemic areas. Conclusion　This study shows that the five migration areas are natural epidemic foci of HFRS. It is predicted that maximum risk of HFRS breakout or epidemic may take place after the completion of the San Xia Reservoir(the Three-Gorges Reservoir), which results from rodent moving toward higher land. Therefore, deratization and preventive measures for rat are important in migration areas.

Epidemiological investigation of host and focus of natural infection on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in migration areas of the Yangtze River Three-Gorge Reservoir Chongqing region / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To ascertain the natural infection rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) among its hosts and the type of the natural foci for providing some baseline data for the immigrant health and epidemic prevention of the Three-Gorge region. Methods　Epidemiological survey on the field was performed including epidemiological data collection, ecology of rodents and pathogen detection. HFRS virus antigen of hosts were detected by the direct immunofluorescent assay (DIFA) technique and determination of HFRSV-RNA by ISH were carried out from HFRSV-Ag-positive animals. Results　HFRSV-Ag-positive animals were found in 5 migration areas ie Baitao Town of Fuling Section, Wansheng Village of Fengjie County and Dachang Town of Wushan County. The positive hosts were as follows, Rattus Norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, Anourusurex squamipes, Mus musculus and Rattus flavipectus. The positive rate of HFRSV in the mice of 5 migration areas were 19.4%, 17.0%, 14.0%, 13.7%, and 8.5% respectively. The results showed that the lung tissues of some hosts in all five migration areas were HFRSV-RNA-positive. Baitao Town and Peishi Town were attributed to mixture type epidemic areas while. Kangle Town, Wansheng Village and Dachang Town were domestic rats type epidemic areas. Conclusion　This study shows that the five migration areas are natural epidemic foci of HFRS. It is predicted that maximum risk of HFRS breakout or epidemic may take place after the completion of the San Xia Reservoir(the Three-Gorges Reservoir), which results from rodent moving toward higher land. Therefore, deratization and preventive measures for rat are important in migration areas.